Data Visualization - Mini-Project 2
Rene Perez
rperez8013@floridapoly.com
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Reading data set
## [1] "C:/Users/rbp79/OneDrive/FLORIDAPOLY/DataVisualization/final/dataviz_final_project/project-02"Visualization of the dataset
Structure of the datase
## 'data.frame': 20640 obs. of 10 variables:
## $ longitude : num -122 -122 -122 -122 -122 ...
## $ latitude : num 37.9 37.9 37.9 37.9 37.9 ...
## $ housing_median_age: int 41 21 52 52 52 52 52 52 42 52 ...
## $ total_rooms : int 880 7099 1467 1274 1627 919 2535 3104 2555 3549 ...
## $ total_bedrooms : int 129 1106 190 235 280 213 489 687 665 707 ...
## $ population : int 322 2401 496 558 565 413 1094 1157 1206 1551 ...
## $ households : int 126 1138 177 219 259 193 514 647 595 714 ...
## $ median_income : num 8.33 8.3 7.26 5.64 3.85 ...
## $ ocean_proximity : chr "NEAR BAY" "NEAR BAY" "NEAR BAY" "NEAR BAY" ...
## $ median_house_value: int 452600 358500 352100 341300 342200 269700 299200 241400 226700 261100 ...Data Summary
## longitude latitude housing_median_age total_rooms
## Min. :-124.3 Min. :32.54 Min. : 1.00 Min. : 2
## 1st Qu.:-121.8 1st Qu.:33.93 1st Qu.:18.00 1st Qu.: 1448
## Median :-118.5 Median :34.26 Median :29.00 Median : 2127
## Mean :-119.6 Mean :35.63 Mean :28.64 Mean : 2636
## 3rd Qu.:-118.0 3rd Qu.:37.71 3rd Qu.:37.00 3rd Qu.: 3148
## Max. :-114.3 Max. :41.95 Max. :52.00 Max. :39320
##
## total_bedrooms population households median_income
## Min. : 1.0 Min. : 3 Min. : 1.0 Min. : 0.4999
## 1st Qu.: 296.0 1st Qu.: 787 1st Qu.: 280.0 1st Qu.: 2.5634
## Median : 435.0 Median : 1166 Median : 409.0 Median : 3.5348
## Mean : 537.9 Mean : 1425 Mean : 499.5 Mean : 3.8707
## 3rd Qu.: 647.0 3rd Qu.: 1725 3rd Qu.: 605.0 3rd Qu.: 4.7432
## Max. :6445.0 Max. :35682 Max. :6082.0 Max. :15.0001
## NA's :207
## ocean_proximity median_house_value
## Length:20640 Min. : 14999
## Class :character 1st Qu.:119600
## Mode :character Median :179700
## Mean :206856
## 3rd Qu.:264725
## Max. :500001
## Ploting data distribution
| longitude | latitude | housing_median_age | total_rooms | total_bedrooms | population | households | median_income | median_house_value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| longitude | 1.0000000 | -0.9246644 | -0.1081968 | 0.0445680 | NA | 0.0997732 | 0.0553101 | -0.0151759 | -0.0459666 |
| latitude | -0.9246644 | 1.0000000 | 0.0111727 | -0.0360996 | NA | -0.1087847 | -0.0710354 | -0.0798091 | -0.1441603 |
| housing_median_age | -0.1081968 | 0.0111727 | 1.0000000 | -0.3612622 | NA | -0.2962442 | -0.3029160 | -0.1190340 | 0.1056234 |
| total_rooms | 0.0445680 | -0.0360996 | -0.3612622 | 1.0000000 | NA | 0.8571260 | 0.9184845 | 0.1980496 | 0.1341531 |
| total_bedrooms | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| population | 0.0997732 | -0.1087847 | -0.2962442 | 0.8571260 | NA | 1.0000000 | 0.9072223 | 0.0048343 | -0.0246497 |
| households | 0.0553101 | -0.0710354 | -0.3029160 | 0.9184845 | NA | 0.9072223 | 1.0000000 | 0.0130331 | 0.0658427 |
| median_income | -0.0151759 | -0.0798091 | -0.1190340 | 0.1980496 | NA | 0.0048343 | 0.0130331 | 1.0000000 | 0.6880752 |
| median_house_value | -0.0459666 | -0.1441603 | 0.1056234 | 0.1341531 | NA | -0.0246497 | 0.0658427 | 0.6880752 | 1.0000000 |
Spatial Visualization
### Interactive Plot
Map Animation
Hot Encoding Ocean Proximity
## longitude latitude housing_median_age
## longitude 1.000000000 -0.92466443 -0.10819681
## latitude -0.924664434 1.00000000 0.01117267
## housing_median_age -0.108196813 0.01117267 1.00000000
## total_rooms 0.044567978 -0.03609960 -0.36126220
## total_bedrooms NA NA NA
## population 0.099773223 -0.10878475 -0.29624424
## households 0.055310093 -0.07103543 -0.30291601
## median_income -0.015175865 -0.07980913 -0.11903399
## median_house_value -0.045966615 -0.14416028 0.10562341
## ocean_proximityINLAND -0.055574654 0.35116598 -0.23664459
## ocean_proximityISLAND 0.009445503 -0.01657165 0.01701984
## ocean_proximityNEAR.BAY -0.474488910 0.35877099 0.25517166
## ocean_proximityNEAR.OCEAN 0.045508838 -0.16081792 0.02162156
## total_rooms total_bedrooms population households
## longitude 0.044567978 NA 0.099773223 0.055310093
## latitude -0.036099596 NA -0.108784747 -0.071035433
## housing_median_age -0.361262201 NA -0.296244240 -0.302916009
## total_rooms 1.000000000 NA 0.857125973 0.918484493
## total_bedrooms NA 1 NA NA
## population 0.857125973 NA 1.000000000 0.907222266
## households 0.918484493 NA 0.907222266 1.000000000
## median_income 0.198049645 NA 0.004834346 0.013033052
## median_house_value 0.134153114 NA -0.024649679 0.065842651
## ocean_proximityINLAND 0.025624325 NA -0.020732123 -0.039402469
## ocean_proximityISLAND -0.007571767 NA -0.010412114 -0.009077005
## ocean_proximityNEAR.BAY -0.023022417 NA -0.060880154 -0.010093339
## ocean_proximityNEAR.OCEAN -0.009175150 NA -0.024263727 0.001714434
## median_income median_house_value
## longitude -0.015175865 -0.04596662
## latitude -0.079809127 -0.14416028
## housing_median_age -0.119033990 0.10562341
## total_rooms 0.198049645 0.13415311
## total_bedrooms NA NA
## population 0.004834346 -0.02464968
## households 0.013033052 0.06584265
## median_income 1.000000000 0.68807521
## median_house_value 0.688075208 1.00000000
## ocean_proximityINLAND -0.237495762 -0.48485933
## ocean_proximityISLAND -0.009228171 0.02341608
## ocean_proximityNEAR.BAY 0.056196803 0.16028448
## ocean_proximityNEAR.OCEAN 0.027343611 0.14186217
## ocean_proximityINLAND ocean_proximityISLAND
## longitude -0.05557465 0.009445503
## latitude 0.35116598 -0.016571648
## housing_median_age -0.23664459 0.017019840
## total_rooms 0.02562432 -0.007571767
## total_bedrooms NA NA
## population -0.02073212 -0.010412114
## households -0.03940247 -0.009077005
## median_income -0.23749576 -0.009228171
## median_house_value -0.48485933 0.023416076
## ocean_proximityINLAND 1.00000000 -0.010614425
## ocean_proximityISLAND -0.01061443 1.000000000
## ocean_proximityNEAR.BAY -0.24088703 -0.005498984
## ocean_proximityNEAR.OCEAN -0.26216349 -0.005984684
## ocean_proximityNEAR.BAY ocean_proximityNEAR.OCEAN
## longitude -0.474488910 0.045508838
## latitude 0.358770991 -0.160817925
## housing_median_age 0.255171663 0.021621556
## total_rooms -0.023022417 -0.009175150
## total_bedrooms NA NA
## population -0.060880154 -0.024263727
## households -0.010093339 0.001714434
## median_income 0.056196803 0.027343611
## median_house_value 0.160284484 0.141862170
## ocean_proximityINLAND -0.240887033 -0.262163488
## ocean_proximityISLAND -0.005498984 -0.005984684
## ocean_proximityNEAR.BAY 1.000000000 -0.135818271
## ocean_proximityNEAR.OCEAN -0.135818271 1.000000000Linear Regression Analysis
##
## Call:
## lm(formula = median_house_value ~ ., data = enc_data)
##
## Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -556980 -42683 -10497 28765 779052
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
## (Intercept) -2.270e+06 8.801e+04 -25.791 < 2e-16 ***
## longitude -2.681e+04 1.020e+03 -26.296 < 2e-16 ***
## latitude -2.548e+04 1.005e+03 -25.363 < 2e-16 ***
## housing_median_age 1.073e+03 4.389e+01 24.439 < 2e-16 ***
## total_rooms -6.193e+00 7.915e-01 -7.825 5.32e-15 ***
## total_bedrooms 1.006e+02 6.869e+00 14.640 < 2e-16 ***
## population -3.797e+01 1.076e+00 -35.282 < 2e-16 ***
## households 4.962e+01 7.451e+00 6.659 2.83e-11 ***
## median_income 3.926e+04 3.380e+02 116.151 < 2e-16 ***
## ocean_proximityINLAND -3.928e+04 1.744e+03 -22.522 < 2e-16 ***
## ocean_proximityISLAND 1.529e+05 3.074e+04 4.974 6.62e-07 ***
## ocean_proximityNEAR.BAY -3.954e+03 1.913e+03 -2.067 0.03879 *
## ocean_proximityNEAR.OCEAN 4.278e+03 1.570e+03 2.726 0.00642 **
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## Residual standard error: 68660 on 20420 degrees of freedom
## (207 observations deleted due to missingness)
## Multiple R-squared: 0.6465, Adjusted R-squared: 0.6463
## F-statistic: 3112 on 12 and 20420 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16